Esther Chan

Schroder Investment Management Ltd. (SIM) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Schroder International Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Great Britain-based Schroders Plc (LSE: SDR, ADR: SHNWY). Established in 1985, SIM is headquartered in London and caters to a range of clients such as corporations, insurance firms, local and public authorities, charities, pension funds, high net-worth individuals and retail investors.

First Sentier Investors (UK) IM Ltd. (FSIIM) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based specialist asset management subsidiary of S.I. Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8306) in Japan. Headquartered in Edinburgh, the firm was founded in 1970 and formerly known as First State Investment Management (UK) Ltd. FSIIM provides discretionary investment management and portfolio management services to a range of institutional clients and funds.

Merrill Lynch International (MLI-UK) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a subsidiary of ML UK Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) in the US. MLI-UK provides brokerage services to individual and retail clients.

Invesco Canada Ltd. is a Canadian mutual fund manager headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1981 and formerly known as Invesco Trimark Ltd. and as AIM Funds Management, Inc. They are a subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ) in the US. Invesco Canada primarily provides investment advice to the Canadian Funds. In addition, the firm provides investment advice to investment companies, charitable organizations, pension plans, endowments, charities and corporations, banks, pooled investment vehicles, provincial or municipal government entities and insurance companies.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

JPMorgan Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (JPMAM-UK) is the wholly owned, Great Britain-based investment arm of JPMorgan Asset Management International Ltd., ultimately held by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. The firm was founded in 1974 and formerly known as JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management. They changed their name to JPMorgan Asset Management UK Ltd. in 2005. Headquartered in London, JPAM-UK provides investment advisory services to institutional clients, both US and non-US.

AXA Investment Managers UK Ltd. (AXA IM-UK) is the UK-based investment subsidiary of AXA Framlington Group Ltd., itself a subsidiary of AXA SA (XP: CS, ADR: AXAHY) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1979. AXA IM-UK manages a diverse range of pooled funds and offers tailor-made investment products for liability management. They specialize in institutional pension fund management and individual retirement savings products.

Premier Fund Managers Ltd. (PFM) is the wholly-owned fund management subsidiary of Premier Investment Group Ltd., ultimately held by Premier Miton Group Plc (LON: PMI) in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1988 and is headquartered in Guildford. PFM manages a range of authorized UK and offshore funds and provides tailor made discretionary management services for private and corporate clients including professional advisers, retail investors, institutions and charities.

Credit Suisse Asset Management Ltd. (CSAM) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based asset management subsidiary of Credit Suisse Asset Management (UK) Holding Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN, NYSE: CS) in Switzerland. Founded in 1982, the firm is headquartered in London and offers a wide range of investment products and functions across asset classes and investment styles for various clients including governments, institutions, corporations and private individuals.

FIL Investment Advisors (UK) Ltd. (FIA UK) is a Great Britain-based fund management firm headquartered in Tadworth, Surrey. Founded in 1984, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Limited, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FIA UK provides a range of global investment products and services to institutional accounts, mutual funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

Baring Asset Management Ltd. (Barings UK) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of Barings Europe Ltd., ultimately held by Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. in the US. Barings traces its origins to 1762 when it was founded in London as a firm of merchants and merchant bankers. They were an asset management pioneer in the UK and set up an Investment Department in 1955. In 1989, all of Barings' asset management activities were consolidated within Baring Asset Management. Headquartered in London, the firm manages assets on behalf of pension funds, pooled vehicles, governments, charities and high-net worth individuals. Barings UK offers a wide range of equity and fixed-income mutual funds in both domestic and international markets. They are a socially responsible investor which takes environmental and socially responsible investment issues into account and seek guidance from clients.

Abrdn Asia Ltd. is the wholly owned, Singapore-based asset management subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., which is wholly owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN), a global investment company headquartered in Edinburgh, UK. The firm was founded by Hugh Young in 1992 as Aberdeen Asset Management (Asia) Ltd. and subsequently renamed into Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Ltd. in 2018. They became Abrdn Asia Ltd. in 2021. Abrdn Asia provides investment advisory services to a variety of institutional clients, such as corporate plans, non-profit organizations, public plans, governments, private investors, multi-employer plans, financial institutions, sub-advised funds and pooled investment vehicles, encompassing both affiliated and unaffiliated US and non-US Registered Funds and US and non-US unregistered funds, among others.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn Alternative Investments Ltd. (AAI) is the wholly owned asset management subsidiary of Aberdeen Asset Investment Group Ltd. and their ultimate parent is abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN, ADR: SLFPF) in Great Britain. Formerly held by Lloyds Banking Group plc (LSE: LLOY), Aberdeen Asset Management plc entered into a strategic alliance with Lloyds Banking Group plc in 2013, acquiring AAI and their related private equity and infrastructure fund management businesses. Formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in London. AAI provides investment solutions to private individuals, financial institutions, charities, investment trusts and corporate and local government pension funds in Great Britain and worldwide.

HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (HSBC GAM-UK) is the wholly owned asset management subsidiary of HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd., ultimately part of HSBC Holdings plc (LON: HSBA, ADR: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC GAM-UK was founded in 1985 and acts as a discretionary investment manager that offers a wide range of investment solutions across equity, fixed income, liquidity and multi-asset strategies. Their clients include the Group’s retail and private banking customers, financial intermediaries and distributors and institutions.

Legal & General Investment Management Ltd. (LGIM) is a fund management firm headquartered in London. The firm was founded in 1970 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legal & General Investment Management (Holdings) Ltd., which is owned by Legal & General Group plc (LSE: LGEN, ADR: LGGNY). LGIM provides investment management services to pension funds, institutional and private clients. Their clients are primarily in Great Britain, and marginally in the US though their Chicago-based subsidiary LGIM America, which established in 2006.

abrdn Australia Ltd. is the Australian asset management subsidiary of abrdn Asia Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 2000 as Equitilink Australia Ltd. and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management Ltd. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments (Australia) Ltd. they were renamed into abrdn Australia Ltd. to reflect abrdn’s global rebranding in 2021. Headquartered in Sydney, abrdn Australia manages the Group's Australian and New Zealand assets for a range of global and domestic clients such as listed investment companies, managed investment schemes and segregated mandates. In addition, the firm provides local clients with access to the Group's investment capabilities which include domestic, regional equity and fixed-income, international equity and fixed-income and single country equity products.

Thames River Capital LLP (TRC) is a specialist fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1998 and is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Capital (UK) Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. TRC provides specialist fund management services to professional investors and institutions in the UK and worldwide, through several single and multi-manager funds.

Polar Capital LLP is an alternative investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of Polar Capital Partners Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Polar Capital Holdings, Plc (LON: POLR) in Great Britain. Founded in 2001, Polar Capital offers its services primarily to Polar Funds and managed accounts, all of which are pooled investment vehicles. Investors in Polar Funds include individuals, banking or thrift institutions, investment companies (including mutual funds), pension and profit-sharing plans, pooled investment vehicles (such as hedge funds), high net-worth individuals, collateralized debt obligations (CDO’s), charitable organizations, trusts and estates, corporations and other business entities, and state or municipal government entities.

Artemis Investment Management LLP (AIM) is a Great Britain-based investment management firm headquartered in London with an additional office in Edinburgh. The firm was founded in 1997 and is a subsidiary of Artemis Strategic Asset Management Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (NYSE: AMG) in the US. AIM manages a range of funds, investment trusts, hedge fund products, venture capital trusts, and pooled and segregated institutional portfolios for both retail and institutional investors.

Charles Stanley & Co. Ltd. (Investment Management) (Charles Stanley-IM) is the investment management division of Charles Stanley & Co. Ltd., an investment company headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1852 and is ultimately owned by Raymond James Financial, Inc. (NYSE: RJF). Charles Stanley-IM provides bespoke investment portfolios and tailored financial advice to individuals, charities, institutions and professional advisers.

BlueCrest Capital Management (UK) LLP (BCM-UK) is an independent, Great Britain-based alternative asset management firm headquartered in London. The firm was founded in 2009 by Michael Platt and Bill Reeves to manage their flagship fund, BlueCrest Capital International. In 2015, they transitioned to a Private Investment Partnership and returned client capital. BCM-UK currently manages assets solely on behalf of their partners and employees.

OTP Fund Management Ltd. is the investment management subsidiary of OTP Bank Nyrt (BU: OTPB) in Hungary. The firm was founded in 1993 and formerly known as OTP Investment Fund Management Ltd. Headquartered in Budapest, OTP Fund Management manages public and private funds, such as institutional portfolios for institutional investors and private individuals.

DWS Investments (UK) Ltd. (DWS UK) is a hedge fund manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of Deutsche Asset Management Holding SE, ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK, NYSE: DB) in Germany. Created in the mid-1990s as a department within Deutsche Bank, the firm was founded in 2004. Formerly known as Deutsche Asset Management (UK) Ltd., the firm changed their name to DWS Investments UK Ltd. in 2018. DWS UK provides investment management services for retail, institutional and wealth management clients.

BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd. (BIM-UK) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of BlackRock Finance Europe Ltd., ultimately owned by BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK) in the US. BIM-UK was founded in 2006 following the merger of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers and BlackRock. In 2009, BlackRock merged with Barclays Global Investors, including the iShares exchange traded funds business. The combined firm operates under the BlackRock name and has retained the iShares brand. BIM-UK manages a family of mutual funds and acts as sub-advisor to other mutual and pension funds. They also offer alternative investments and managed accounts for individual and institutional clients.

Close Asset Management (UK) Ltd., doing business as Close Brothers Asset Management (CBAM), is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of Close Asset Management Holdings Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Close Brothers Group Plc (LON: CBG). The firm was formerly known as Close Investments Ltd. in 1994 and changed into their current name when Close Brothers Investment, Close Investment, Close Finsbury Asset Management, and Reabourne Technology Investment Management were reorganized into a single legal entity in 2009. CBAM provides a wide variety of financial advisory and investment management services to UK and international intermediaries, private individuals, and institutions such as pension funds. They also manage discretionary portfolios as well as a diverse range of investment products.

Dart Capital Ltd. is a wealth management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by James Baxter in 1987 as James Baxter Capital Management Ltd. They were renamed Dart Capital Ltd. in 2008 following a management buyout by Richard Whitehead and Matthew Wille. In 2023, the firm was acquired by Evelyn Partners Group Ltd., which is ultimately owned by Platinum L.P. Guernsey Ltd. Dart Capital provides discretionary investment management services to a range of private individual clients, and their trusts and pension funds.

Columbia Threadneedle Multi-Manager LLP (CTMM) is a Great Britain-based investment management firm headquartered in London. The firm was founded in 2007 as Thames River Multi-Capital LLP and became BMO AM Multi-Manager LLP in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Multi-Manager LLP when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTMM provides specialist fund management services to professional investors and institutions in the UK and worldwide.

Alquity Investment Management Ltd. (Alquity) is an investment advisory firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Paul H. Robinson in 2010 and is wholly-owned by Alquity UK Ltd. Alquity provides discretionary management and advisory services to UCITS Funds that are offered exclusive to investors that resides outside of the US.

Tesco Pension Investment Ltd. (TPI) is the pension management subsidiary of Tesco Plc (LON: TSCO) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, TPI was founded in 2011 to run one of the UK's biggest defined-benefit pension funds and reduce dependence on external providers.

Canaccord Genuity Wealth Ltd. (CGWL) is the wealth management subsidiary of Canaccord Genuity Wealth Group Ltd. (CGWGL) (formerly Eden Group Ltd.), itself a subsidiary of Canaccord Genuity Group, Inc. (CGGI) (TSE: CF) in Canada. Formerly known as Collins Stewart Wealth Management Ltd., the firm became part of the Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management business in the UK when CGGI acquired Eden Financial in 2012. Headquartered in London, CGWL offers core wealth management services which include portfolio management, broking services and wealth planning for private and institutional clients.

FIL Investments International (FILII) is an asset management firm headquartered in Tadworth, UK. The firm was founded in 1979 and is a subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Ltd., which is ultimately held by FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FILII provides investment advisory and management services to their clients.

Algonquin Capital Corp. provides investment advice. The private company is based in Toronto, Canada. and has subsidiaries in Canada. The Canadian company was founded in 2013 by Greg Jeffs, Brain Clifford Dcosta.

Founded in 1958, Merrill Lynch Piece Fenner & Smith, Inc. is an SEC registered broker/dealer located in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of BAC North America Holding Co. and their ultimate parent is Bank of America Corp. (NYSE BAC).