Karen Bater

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

NWD Investment Management, Inc. provides asset management services to institutional and individual investors. It is an asset management firm for individuals and institutional clients, including corporate & public pension plans, foundations & endowments, mutual fund companies and insurance companies. The company was founded in 1999 and is headquartered in Conshohocken, PA.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc. (BNYMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1951 and formerly known as The Dreyfus Corp. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of MBC Investments Corp., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). BNYMIA serves as an investment advisor to mutual funds, such as the BNY Mellon Family of Funds and The BNY Mellon Funds Trust, and as sub-investment advisor to non-affiliated mutual funds. Formed in 2009, Dreyfus Cash Investment Strategies (Dreyfus) is a division of the BNYMIA that offers money market strategies to US and non-US institutional investors.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc. (BNYMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1951 and formerly known as The Dreyfus Corp. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of MBC Investments Corp., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). BNYMIA serves as an investment advisor to mutual funds, such as the BNY Mellon Family of Funds and The BNY Mellon Funds Trust, and as sub-investment advisor to non-affiliated mutual funds. Formed in 2009, Dreyfus Cash Investment Strategies (Dreyfus) is a division of the BNYMIA that offers money market strategies to US and non-US institutional investors.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

NWD Investment Management, Inc. provides asset management services to institutional and individual investors. It is an asset management firm for individuals and institutional clients, including corporate & public pension plans, foundations & endowments, mutual fund companies and insurance companies. The company was founded in 1999 and is headquartered in Conshohocken, PA.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc. (BNYMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1951 and formerly known as The Dreyfus Corp. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of MBC Investments Corp., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). BNYMIA serves as an investment advisor to mutual funds, such as the BNY Mellon Family of Funds and The BNY Mellon Funds Trust, and as sub-investment advisor to non-affiliated mutual funds. Formed in 2009, Dreyfus Cash Investment Strategies (Dreyfus) is a division of the BNYMIA that offers money market strategies to US and non-US institutional investors.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc. (BNYMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1951 and formerly known as The Dreyfus Corp. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of MBC Investments Corp., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). BNYMIA serves as an investment advisor to mutual funds, such as the BNY Mellon Family of Funds and The BNY Mellon Funds Trust, and as sub-investment advisor to non-affiliated mutual funds. Formed in 2009, Dreyfus Cash Investment Strategies (Dreyfus) is a division of the BNYMIA that offers money market strategies to US and non-US institutional investors.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Investment Management) (BNY Mellon) is the investment management arm of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK), an American investment banking services holding company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2007 due to the merger of The Bank of New York Company, Inc. and Mellon Financial Corporation. BNY Mellon is the umbrella organization for BNY Mellon's affiliated investment management firms and global distribution companies. They provide investment management services to financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments/foundations and high-net-worth individuals.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc. (BNYMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1951 and formerly known as The Dreyfus Corp. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of MBC Investments Corp., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). BNYMIA serves as an investment advisor to mutual funds, such as the BNY Mellon Family of Funds and The BNY Mellon Funds Trust, and as sub-investment advisor to non-affiliated mutual funds. Formed in 2009, Dreyfus Cash Investment Strategies (Dreyfus) is a division of the BNYMIA that offers money market strategies to US and non-US institutional investors.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

Standish Mellon Asset Management Co. LLC is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm traces its roots to 1933, when its predecessor firm, Standish, Ayer & Wood, Inc., began managing fixed income portfolios for US financial institutions, banks and insurance companies. Standish is a subsidiary of BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp., which is wholly-owned by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK). Standish provides both discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional, retail, individual and high net-worth investors in the form of separate accounts, registered mutual funds, and pooled investment vehicles, and to other investment advisors through sub-advisory agreements.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.