Michael Ripper

Franklin Advisers, Inc. is a mutual fund manager and registered investment advisor headquartered in San Mateo, California. The firm was founded in 1985 and is a subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN), a holding company that, together with its various subsidiaries is referred to as Franklin Templeton Investments. Franklin Advisers provides investment advisory and portfolio management services to US and non-US, registered open-end and closed-end funds and unregistered funds, as well as separate accounts.

QS Investors LLC (QSI) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded and formed in August 2010 through an MBO of the Quantitative Strategies Group within DB Advisors, the institutional asset management division of Deutsche Asset Management. QSI is a wholly-owned subsidiary of QS Investors Holdings LLC, ultimately owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN). The firm provides investment advisory and sub-advisory services to a diverse array of institutional and retail clients and funds.