Scott Charles Sipple

Empower Capital Management LLC (ECM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Greenwood Village, Colorado. The firm was founded in 1994 as Maxim Capital Management, Inc. (dba GW Capital Management, Inc.) until they were converted to an LLC in 1997 under the same name. In September 2012, the firm rebranded as Great-West Capital Management LLC and changed their name to Empower Capital Management LLC in 2022. They are a wholly owned subsidiary of Empower Services Holdings LLC, ultimately owned by Power Financial Corp. (TSX: PWF) in Canada. ECM provides portfolio and investment management services to registered and unregistered mutual funds and/or private investment funds, trust programs and other corporations and institutions.

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

FMR LLC engages in the provision of financial and investment services. It offers financial planning and advice, wealth management, retirement plans, trading and brokerage services, and investment products. The company was founded by Edward C. Johnson II in 1946 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

AllianceBernstein LP (AB) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 2000, the firm is owned by Equitable Financial Life Insurance Co., ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH). AB provides investment advice to investment companies, pension and profit-sharing plans, banks and thrift institutions, trusts, estates, government agencies, charitable organizations, individuals, corporations and other business entities.