Ken Fisher

Allspring Global Investments LLC (Allspring) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. Prior to November 2021, the firm was known as Wells Capital Management, Inc. They are a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Allspring Global Investments Holdings LLC, ultimately held by Allspring Group Holdings LLC. Allspring provides investment management services to mutual funds, private funds, offshore funds, collective investment trusts (CITs), pooled vehicles and client accounts.

Osborne Partners Capital Management LLC (Osborne Partners) is an independent, SEC-registered investment advisor and wealth management firm headquartered in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1937, Osborne Partners provides investment management services to individuals, families, trusts, estates, conservatorships, foundations, endowments, corporations or business entities and pension and profit-sharing plans, charitable organizations, public funds, investment limited partnerships, 401(k) self-directed accounts, IRAs and retirement plans.

Community Trust & Investment Co. (CTIC) is an investment management firm headquartered in Pikeville, Kentucky. Formerly known as Trust Co. of Kentucky, the firm is a subsidiary of Community Trust Bancorp, Inc. (NASDAQ: CTBI). CTIC is comprised of two business units, Wealth and Trust Management (WTM) and Community Trust Financial Services (CTFS). WTM offers disciplined investment management that is consistent with client objectives. CTFS is the retail investment and insurance division.

Part of The Toronto-Dominion Bank, Commerce Capital Markets, Inc. is a company that provides securities brokerage services. The company is based in Philadelphia, PA.

Ronin Capital LLC is a registered brokerage firm headquartered in Chicago and was founded in 2001. They have additional offices in Hong Kong and England. Ronin Capital provides brokerage services and trades in over 20 countries, in different product class including: equities, fixed income, commodities, currencies, options, forwards and futures.

Founded in 2004, TD Securities (USA) LLC is a broker/dealer located in New York City with additional offices in Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Vancouver, London, Singapore, Tokyo and Sydney. The firm is a subsidiary of Toronto Dominion Holdings (USA), Inc. and their ultimate parent is Toronto-Dominion Bank (NYSE: TD). TD Securities (USA) provides a wide range of capital market products and services to corporate, government and institutional clients in five areas of finance including: investment banking, debt capital markets, institutional equities, foreign exchange and money markets. Their services include the underwriting and distribution of new debt and equity issues, providing advice on strategic acquisitions and divestitures and executing daily trading and investment needs. The equity group provides research coverage of media and communications, technology, financial services, oil and gas, mining and metals, industrial products, forest products, technology, utilities and power, real estate, biotechnology, consumer products and merchandising and quantitative analysis strategy. The fixed-income group provides a full range of underwriting sales and trading products for Canadian, U.S. and European debt issuers and investors.

Cutler Group LLC is a private company that combines expertise in mathematics, technology, and finance to be the most efficient producer of liquidity in the exchange traded equity option space. The company is based in San Francisco, CA. The company is building a unified system that efficiently trades and risk manages across all listed, electronically-traded, derivative products. The CEO of the company is Jonathan Lee Hill.

Vista Capital Partners, Inc. (Vista) is an independent, SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Portland, Oregon. The firm was founded in 2001 by Michael O'Reilly and Douglas Johanson. Vista provides investment and wealth management services to individuals, trusts, estates, corporations and business entities, corporate pension and profit-sharing plans, charitable institutions, foundations, and endowments.

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is a registered broker-dealer subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Domestic Holdings, Inc., ultimately owned by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. Headquartered in New York City, the firm was founded in 1987 and provides debt and equity services including underwriting, M&A advice, securities dealing and brokerage and trade execution. Their client base ranges from large global institutional investors to hedge funds at the cutting edge of innovation in the industry.

Duke University is an academic university that offers undergraduate, graduate and professional programs. It also has publications and research services. The university was founded in 1838 and is headquartered in Durham, NC.

Shearman & Sterling LLP provides legal services. It specializes in appellate litigations, capital markets, corporate governance, environmental, finance, international arbitration, investment funds, litigation, mergers and acquisitions, privatization, real estate, and tax. The company was founded by Thomas Shearman in 1873 and is headquartered in New York, NY.

Fisher Investments, Inc. is an independent wealth management firm headquartered in Plano, Washington. The firm was founded by Kenneth Fischer in 1979. Fisher Investments manages assets across four principal business units: US Private Client, Institutional, Private Client International, and 401(k) Solutions. Together, these groups serve a diverse global client base which includes corporations, public and multi-employer pension funds, foundations and endowments, insurance companies, health-care organizations, governments and high net worth families.

Founded in 2009, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC (MSSB) is a registered investment adviser, a registered broker-dealer, a registered futures commission merchant, and a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Headquartered in Purchase, New York, MSSB is one of the largest financial services firms in the US with branch offices in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The firm was initially owned by a joint venture company which was indirectly owned 65% by Morgan Stanley and 35% by Citigroup, Inc. On June 28, 2013, Morgan Stanley purchased Citi’s 35% interest in MSSB. As such, the firm is now a direct subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Holdings LLC and they are a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS).

Founded by Len Zacks in 1978, Zacks Investment Research, Inc. is an SEC-registered broker/dealer and investment research firm headquartered in Chicago, Illinois with an office in Irvine, California. The firm is principally owned by The Greenwood Trust. Zacks makes both short-term and long-term investment recommendations using the following investment styles: aggressive growth, growth/income, momentum, value, technicals and options. Zack Investment Research employs the Zacks Rank, a 100% a peerless stock rating system that is based on a quantitative model that includes the use of four factors including as earnings estimate revisions and earnings surprises. Stocks are classified into five groups, ranging from 'Strong Buy' to 'Strong Sell.' Zacks Rank is completely mathematical and focuses only on the math and whether the math predicts that a stock's price will rise. It is a short-term indicator of stock performance that is effective for 1 to 3 months. The Zacks Recommendation process begins with a new quantitative model that employs the Zacks Rank. The firm then utilizes qualitative insights to develop a unique recommendation based on a 6 month time horizon. Zacks Investment Research provides coverage primarily on the following sectors: (1) manufacturers of electrical components (2) photo optics/lasers (3) HPC computing platforms (4) manufacturers and distributors of textiles (5) information technology (6) independent oil and gas companies involved in the exploration, development and acquisition of crude oil and natural gas (6) providers of docking, manipulator and wafer probing interface products for semiconductor and ATE manufacturers (7) companies that design and manufacture oscilloscopes, serial data analyzers and protocol analyzers to test, measure and analyze electronic signals (8) manufacturers of branded toys, collectibles, hobby or infant products and (9) financial services companies.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

Bell Investment Advisors, Inc. (BIA) is an independent, SEC-registered investment advisor and wealth management firm headquartered in Oakland, California. The firm was founded in 1991 by Jim Bell. BIA provides investment management, financial planning and financial consultation services to individuals and their trusts and estates, pension and profit-sharing plans, mutual funds, business entities and charitable foundations.

Sprott Global Resource Investments Ltd. (Sprott Global) is a SEC-registered broker-dealer headquartered in Carlsbad, California. The firm was founded in 1993 and they are a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sprott, Inc. (TSE: SII) in Canada. Sprott Global offers full-service investment brokerage services including both secondary market and, for qualified investors, private placement products for retail and institutional investors. They focus on the natural resources sectors including precious metals, base metals, oil & gas, agriculture, water and alternative energy.

Penn Investment Advisors, Inc. (PIA) is an investment management firm headquartered in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 2014 and formerly known as EagleView Advisors, Inc. and First Savings Financial Services, Inc. In 2022, they were acquired by Equitable Distribution Holding Corp., which is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH). PIA provides investment advice to individuals, institutions, pension and profit-sharing plans, investment companies (which include mutual funds), charitable organizations, and corporations or other businesses.

Wells Fargo Bank, NA (Private Banking) (Wells Fargo Bank-PB) is the private banking division of Wells Fargo Bank, NA, a national bank headquartered in San Francisco, California. They are ultimately held by Wells Fargo & Co. (NYSE: WFC), a diversified financial services company. The firm was founded in 1998 as the result of the merger with Minneapolis-based Norwest Corp. Wells Fargo Bank-PB provides personalized wealth management solutions for individuals, multi-generational families, family offices, and institutional investors.

Wacker Wealth Partners LLC (WWP) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and wealth management firm headquartered in San Luis Obispo, California. In 2024, the firm was acquired by EP Wealth Advisors LLC, ultimately owned by EPWA Holding Co. LLC. The firm was founded by Bob Wacker in 1987 as R.E. Wacker Associates, Inc. WWP provides fee-only financial planning and investment management services to individuals, pension and profit-sharing plans, business entities, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, and affiliated funds.